Precise drilling and excavation in future Lunar mining sites likewise building blocks will be supported by robotized instrumentation. To ensure accurate positioning of facilities or structures, customized surveying instruments will be used, in order to perform measurements needed for calculating the locations of particular items. Precise positioning in unexplored areas is difficult, even on the Earth, with all available support. This issue becomes even more complex on the Moon’s surface, considering environmental conditions and absence of Earth logistics. This project presents a design of an original positioning system, which will be used as a core of all future exploration on the Moon. The optimal positioning model for the Moon relies on the applied measurement technology. To find the best model, it requests to test the most appropriate candidate technologies, investigating the performances of their mathematical models, and their physical characteristics. Two first ranking methodologies will be tested on the Earth in vivo, applying the developed mathematical models, measuring set-ups and related equipment. All future Lunar missions will benefit from this project’s results, allowing very precise: landing on the Lunar surface, positioning of all natural or artificial objects, calculation of areas and volumes (for excavation, for example), and all construction works.